Comparative Study Between The Role Of Two Dimensional And Four Dimensional Ultrasound In Assessment Of Fetal Central Nervous System Congenital Anomalies. Recent update

Abstract

Background and objective: The central nervous system malformation is one of common congenital anomalies encountered in pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis uses a variety of noninvasive techniques to provide preliminary information on all fetal abnormalities. Four dimensions ultrasound allows visualization of embryonic movements two weeks earlier than 2D ultrasound and it gives the opportunity to explicit detailed fetal anatomy and fetal activity. The outcomes of fetal examination differ based on the timing and proficiency of the assessor. The primary limitation of ultrasonography (US) is in its inability to effectively image certain viewpoints, such as the sagittal mid-plane. This particular view is crucial for obtaining distinctive information about the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis Methods: This prospective clinical study included twenty patients with gestational age from 18 weeks to 24 weeks examined by 2D ultrasound then examined by 4D ultrasound. Results: positive agreement was found between 2D ultrasound and 4D ultrasound. Conclusion: 4D ultrasound give more information in diagnosis during fetal malformations evaluation especially in illustration of fetal small cranial anomalies and spina bifida.