Comparative analysis of skink morphology, diet, and distribution across different habitats in the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates morphological and ecological variation among skink populations across diverse habitat types within the landscape of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria. Morphological differences, particularly in body size and limb length, were observed among skinks from the Directorate of University Farms (DUFARM), works and services, and plantation areas, potentially reflecting species composition, age structure, or sex-based traits rather than direct environmental influences. Interspecific comparisons among Trachylepis affinis, T. quinquetaeniata, and Lepidothyris fernandi revealed significant trait differences, suggesting niche partitioning and adaptive divergence. Although species distribution was not statistically linked to habitat type, patterns of abundance indicated habitat preferences, with T. quinquetaeniata exhibiting generalist tendencies and L. fernandi showing specialization for undisturbed forested areas. Temporal activity patterns and dietary analyses further highlighted species-specific ecological strategies, with ants being the most common prey across habitats. Strong correlations among morphological traits suggest coordinated growth supporting locomotor efficiency. These findings show the role of habitat heterogeneity and anthropogenic disturbance in shaping skink morphology, behaviour, and distribution, and point to the need for further research incorporating demographic and environmental data to clarify underlying drivers.