article · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
This research evaluates the differences in fluid motion and heat transfer between an ethylene-glycol fluid carrying copper nanoparticles and a hybridised version containing both copper and iron oxide nanoparticles. Both fluids are treated as non-Newtonian, electrically conducting Carreau media flowing through a porous medium over a three-dimensional rotating and stretchable plate. The governing equations account for Coriolis forces, thermal radiation, uneven heat sources, and boundary slip. Using similarity transformations, the mathematical formulations were resolved with the Pseudo-Spectral Method. Under conditions featuring exponential space-based heat sources, surface stretching, and temperature jumps, heat transfer rates are highest in the fluid carrying only copper nanoparticles. However, the hybridised mixture generates higher overall heat propagation than the unitary fluid across all tested parameters, while the magnitude of the surface drag force declines as the Weissenberg number increases.
Industrial cooling systems often depend on advanced heat-transfer liquids to manage thermal loads safely and efficiently. By detailing how combining iron oxide with copper nanoparticles alters fluid resistance and thermal dispersion under rotational and slip effects, this analysis helps clarify the exact thermal trade-offs involved when formulating hybrid cooling fluids for demanding engineering environments.
Ethylene-glycol nanofluids are applied in industrial heat-exchange systems. Thermal engineers and fluid manufacturers could use these comparative insights to decide whether hybrid copper and iron oxide formulations deliver practical gains over single-particle additives. Given that the abstract reflects theoretical mathematical modelling and numerical simulation, this work represents an early-stage study that remains distant from direct commercial implementation without physical prototyping and experimental validation.
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Sequel to the industrial usage of ethylene-glycol conveying copper nanoparticles, nothing is known on how the dynamics differ from ethylene-glycol conveying copper and iron oxide nanoparticles when there is Coriolis force, slip and thermal jump. This report presents the outcome of a study on the motion and heat transfer across both non-Newtonian electro-conducting Carreau hybridized nanofluids via the porous medium on a three-dimensional rotating stretchable plate. The model for hybridization of the mixture of copper (Cu) and Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles in the ethylene-glycol base fluid under thermal radiation, uneven heat source and wall slip attributes were developed and presented. The reduction of the model equations from partial into ordinary differential equations was carried out using similarity transformation variables. Pseudo-Spectral Method (PSM) was employed to solve the emerged boundary value problem. Exponential space-based heat source/sink, stretching rates, and temperature jump levels, heat transfer rates are maximal during ethylene-glycol conveying copper nanoparticles but minimal during ethylene-glycol motion conveying copper and iron oxide nanoparticles. The hybridization of the nanoparticles induces a higher heat propagation than the unitary nanofluid for all the physical parameters considered, whereas the strength of the surface drag force depreciates with a higher magnitude of the Weissenberg number.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.103028
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