article · Advanced Optical Materials
Inkjet printing allows the fabrication of high-density pixelated perovskite light-emitting diodes, but the coffee-stain effect often creates uneven film thickness and poor crystallisation, reducing device performance. To resolve this, a method has been developed that enhances Marangoni flow strength to suppress coffee-stain formation. An interfacial layer of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) is introduced to adjust the surface tension of the hole transport layer and improve perovskite crystallisation, while the substrate temperature is controlled to regulate solvent evaporation rates. Optimising both the layer thickness and the stage temperature dramatically reduces the uneven deposits. Furthermore, the insulating polymer layer acts as an electrical barrier, preventing direct contact between the hole and electron transport layers and suppressing leakage currents. The resulting inkjet-printed devices achieve a brightness of 3640 candelas per square metre alongside an external quantum efficiency of 9.0 percent.
Inkjet printing is a promising route for manufacturing detailed displays, but fluid drying effects typically create uneven films that degrade device quality. By eliminating drying irregularities and reducing electrical leakage, this technique demonstrates that printed perovskite films can achieve the uniformity and performance needed for modern digital screens, helping solve a major processing barrier in high-resolution electronic display manufacturing.
This method is targeted at the manufacture of patterned perovskite light-emitting diodes for digital information displays. Display manufacturers and printed electronics developers could apply this approach to produce uniform, high-resolution pixel arrays using low-cost inkjet techniques. Given that the results reflect successful laboratory-scale device demonstrations with measured brightness and efficiency, the technology represents applied and tested research that requires further scale-up before integration into industrial display production lines.
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Abstract Inkjet printing is a powerful technology for realizing high‐density pixelated perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the coffee‐stain effect in the inkjet printing process often leads to uneven thickness and poor crystallization of printed perovskite features, which deteriorates the performance of PeLEDs. Here, a strategy is developed to suppress the coffee‐stain effect via enhancing Marangoni flow strength. An interfacial poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) layer is incorporated to tune the surface tension of the underlying hole transport layer (HTL) and enhance the perovskite crystallization. The substrate temperature is also carefully controlled to tune the printing solvent evaporation rate rationally. By optimizing the thickness of the PVP layer and the temperature of the printing stage, the coffee‐stain effect is dramatically restrained. In addition, the interfacial insulating PVP layers play a positive role in suppressing leakage current level of PeLEDs by avoiding any direct electrical contact between HTL and electron transporting layer. Finally, an inkjet‐printed PeLED with a brightness of 3640 cd m –2 and external quantum efficiency of 9.0% is achieved. This work highlights the availability of inkjet‐printing technology for fabricating patterned PeLEDs in information display applications.
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DOI: 10.1002/adom.202100553
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