Coexistence of Bronchopulmonary Adenocarcinoma and Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Diagnosed by CT-Guided Biopsy: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

This case report describes the rare coexistence of tuberculous lymphadenitis and bronchopulmonary adenocarcinoma in a 71-year-old non-smoking woman. The diagnosis was established through positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging followed by CT-guided biopsy and histopathological examination. The case highlights the diagnostic challenges caused by overlapping clinical and radiological features of tuberculosis and lung cancer. Particular attention is given to the importance of accurate TNM staging when lymph node tuberculosis coexists with lung malignancy, as misinterpretation of lymphadenopathy may lead to incorrect cancer staging and inappropriate treatment decisions. The report also discusses the epidemiological context of tuberculosis in regions with moderate incidence and reviews relevant literature regarding the coexistence of these two diseases. This case emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary evaluation and careful diagnostic assessment in patients presenting with suspected lung cancer and concurrent infectious pathology.