Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Outcomes of Pediatric Pericarditis in Acute Care Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review Pediatric pericarditis, though rare, can lead to significant morbidity if not promptly addressed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to consolidate evidence on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of pediatric pericarditis in emergency settings, with a focus on identifying gaps in diagnostic variability and outcomes. Recent Findings A comprehensive literature search identified nine studies encompassing 346 pediatric patients, predominantly male, with a mean age of 13.13 years. The most frequent clinical presentations were chest pain (87.5%), fever (71.3%), and dyspnea (26.3%). Other notable symptoms included abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, and precordial rub. Key ECG findings were ST-segment elevation (63.8%) and normal ECG (27.0%). Imaging findings revealed normal chest radiographs in 60.3% of cases, with cardiomegaly observed in 86.6%. Elevated C-reactive protein levels were a consistent finding. High admission rates (88.6%) and low mortality rates were associated with a generally favorable prognosis when timely intervention occurred. Summary Pediatric pericarditis presents with a distinct clinical profile, prominently featuring chest pain and significant ECG and imaging findings. The high admission rates underscore the need for immediate and standardized management. Implementing comprehensive diagnostic and treatment protocols is essential to improving care and prognosis for pediatric patients with pericarditis. Registration CRD42024538529