article
A millimeter wave defected ground structure (DGS) resonator is introduced for noninvasive blood glucose concentrations detection. The unloaded sensor is designed to operate at 16 GHz. The sensing process is carried out by measuring the variations in the resonant frequency, and S-parameters phase and magnitude. The planned resonator is justified by time domain and frequency domain measurements. Several glucose solution concentrations are considered through experiments from 0 to 1000 mg/dL, providing high sensitivity of 1.4 dB/ (100mgdL<sup>-1</sup>) and quality factor of 61.08. Three volunteers assisted to check the potential sensor sensitivity by measuring their blood glucose levels. The actual permittivity of the human body affects the measurements and shifts down the frequency from 16 GHz to 5 GHz, while in simulation the frequency of the loaded sensor is 12 GHz. The presented sensor reveals high sensitivity levels in both simulations and measurements.
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DOI: 10.23919/eucap57121.2023.10133446
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