article · Regional Studies
National and regional policies guide China's simultaneous digital and green transitions, often termed a twin transition. An analysis of a large corpus of policy documents across green and digital sectors highlights how multi-level governance operates across three regional case studies: Shanghai, Wuhan, and Hangzhou. The findings show that regions adopt and adjust green and digital objectives and mechanisms in ways that diverge from central guidance. Although the twin transition is not comprehensively formulated at the national policy level, it is being partially implemented within the three examined regions. These variations provide the foundation for a regional typology that characterises distinct top-down policy implementation strategies.
Understanding how national policies are interpreted and modified locally is essential for evaluating environmental and economic reforms. Recognising that regional authorities actively reshape digital and sustainability goals demonstrates that broad transitions depend on local adaptation, offering clear insight into how multi-level governance operates in practice.
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This paper examines the role of policy in China’s digital and green (twin) transition, building on a qualitative study of a large corpus of policy documents in green and digital domains. We analyse the multi-level governance of these transitions for three regional case studies: Shanghai, Wuhan and Hangzhou. We find that regions both adopt and adjust green and digital aims and means differently from national policy. A twin transition is not comprehensively addressed at the national level, but is partially implemented in the three regions. Based on our findings, we develop a regional typology sketching top-down policy implementation strategies.
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DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2024.2384411
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