article · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
Analysis of essential oils extracted from Callistemon subulatus leaves across four seasons shows monoterpenes as the predominant chemical group. Eucalyptol represents the primary constituent in every season, reaching peak concentration in summer, followed by alpha-pinene, which peaks in spring. The winter harvest produces the highest oil yield. In laboratory tests, winter oil exhibits strong inhibitory activity against two enzymes linked to ageing processes, specifically elastase and acetylcholinesterase. Molecular docking simulations confirm that eucalyptol demonstrates the highest binding affinity for the active sites of both enzymes. Based on these biochemical and computational findings, essential oil from this plant shows promise for potential development into supplements aimed at managing ageing-related conditions, such as skin wrinkling and cognitive decline associated with dementia.
Enzymes such as elastase and acetylcholinesterase contribute directly to skin ageing and neurodegenerative conditions like dementia. Identifying plant-derived natural compounds that inhibit these enzymes provides potential routes to create therapeutic supplements or skincare formulations. Understanding seasonal variations in chemical yield and composition also helps determine the optimal harvesting period for extracting active ingredients with maximum potency.
The findings suggest potential applications in developing supplements for anti-ageing skincare and cognitive health management, targeting sectors such as cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Given that the evidence is based on laboratory enzyme inhibition assays and molecular docking models, the technology represents early-stage research that requires further formulation development, safety evaluation, and in vivo testing before any real-world commercial deployment can occur.
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<i>Callistemon</i> is an aromatic genus of flowering plants belonging to family Myrtaceae. The essential oils of <i>C. subulatus</i> leaves were collected in four seasons and analyzed using GC/MS. The oils demonstrated monoterpenes as the predominant class. Eucalyptol was the main component in all seasons; summer (66.87%), autumn (58.33%), winter (46.74%) and spring (44.63%), followed by <i>α</i>-pinene; spring (31.41%), winter (28.69%), summer (26.34%) and autumn (24.68%). Winter oil, the highest yield (0.53 mL/100g), was further investigated for its inhibitory activity against enzymes associated with ageing; elastase and acetylcholinesterase. It remarkably inhibited elastase and acetylcholinesterase with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.05 and 0.20 µg/ml, respectively. A molecular docking study was conducted for the major oil components on the active sites of target enzymes. Eucalyptol revealed the best binding affinity for both enzymes. <i>C. subualtus</i> oil could be used as supplement for management of ageing disorders like skin wrinkles and dementia.
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DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2224944
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