article · International Journal of Microbiology
Essential oils extracted from Tagetes minuta via steam distillation demonstrate strong antibacterial properties against three crop pathogens: Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. Chemical analysis through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified twenty compounds representing 96 percent of the total essential oil, dominated by monoterpenes at 70 percent and sesquiterpenes at 30 percent. Disc diffusion assays showed marked antibacterial activity across all tested pathogens, with Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola exhibiting the highest sensitivity, yielding mean inhibition zone diameters exceeding 41 millimetres after 24 hours. The oils displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations between 24 and 48 milligrams per millilitre, alongside minimum bactericidal concentrations spanning 95 to 190 milligrams per millilitre. These laboratory findings confirm that the essential oils exert measurable inhibitory and bactericidal actions against selected bacterial plant pathogens.
Plant pathogenic bacteria cause severe agricultural damage, and identifying natural alternatives to synthetic treatments is valuable for crop protection. Demonstrating that Tagetes minuta essential oils contain potent active compounds capable of suppressing bacteria such as Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas provides evidence for developing non-synthetic antibacterial agents to protect vulnerable food crops from disease.
The findings suggest potential applications for Tagetes minuta essential oils as active ingredients in botanical pesticides to manage bacterial crop infections. Agricultural chemical developers and crop protection manufacturers are the primary prospective users. Given that the data is limited to laboratory steam distillation and in vitro antibacterial testing, this technology represents early-stage research requiring field formulation and stability testing before practical deployment.
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The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) of <i>Tagetes minuta</i> against three phytopathogenic bacteria <i>Pseudomonas savastanoi</i> pv. <i>phaseolicola</i>, <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>phaseoli</i>, and <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>manihotis</i>. The essential oils were extracted using steam distillation method in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus while antibacterial activity of the EOs was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for analysis of the chemical profile of the EOs. Twenty compounds corresponding to 96% of the total essential oils were identified with 70% and 30% of the identified components being monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. The essential oils of <i>T. minuta</i> revealed promising antibacterial activities against the test pathogens with <i>Pseudomonas savastanoi</i> pv. <i>phaseolicola</i> being the most susceptible with mean inhibition zone diameters of 41.83 and 44.83 mm after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the EOs on the test bacteria were in the ranges of 24-48 mg/mL and 95-190 mg/mL, respectively. These findings provide a scientific basis for the use of <i>T. minuta</i> essential oils as a botanical pesticide for management of phytopathogenic bacteria.
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DOI: 10.1155/2016/7352509
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