article · The Microbe
This research investigated the link between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Using methods like disc diffusion, broth micro-dilution, PCR, Congo red agar, and microtitre plates, the study analysed 20 S. aureus strains. It found that 55% of these strains were multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant. All strains were biofilm producers, with a significant number being moderate or strong producers. A notable correlation was identified between multidrug resistance and the ability to form biofilms. The study also screened for genes associated with adhesion and biofilm formation, noting the prevalence of genes like spa, fnbB, and clfA, and a significant association between certain ica genes and methicillin-resistant strains. The findings highlight a critical public health concern regarding antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation.
This research is important because it sheds light on why some bacterial infections, particularly urinary tract infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, are becoming harder to treat. Understanding the connection between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation can help in developing more effective treatments and diagnostic tools for these challenging infections, improving patient outcomes.
This early-stage research provides insights into the genetic basis and correlation between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in uropathogenic S. aureus. These findings could inform the development of new diagnostic tools to identify highly resistant, biofilm-producing strains, or guide pharmaceutical research towards novel antimicrobial agents targeting biofilm formation. Potential users include diagnostic companies and drug developers, though further applied research is needed to translate these findings into practical applications.
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The increase in antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus is a serious public health problem, complicating the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria, including urinary tract infections (UTIs). This research aimed to assess the correlation between antibiotic resistance and the capacity for biofilm formation in S. aureus strains isolated from patients with UTIs. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution method. The blaZ and mecA genes were investigated in all penicillin and cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus strains, using PCR. Biofilm formation was investigated using the Congo red agar and microtitre plate methods. All S. aureus strains were screened for genes encoding adhesion and biofilm formation (spa, fnb AB, clfA, bap) and intercellular adhesin (icaADB and icaR). Among 20 strains of S. aureus, 55% were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA). All strains were biofilm producers, including 55% moderate biofilm producers and 35% strong biofilm producers. A significant correlation (p-value <0.01) was observed between MDR and non-MDR strains in terms of biofilm production. All strains were sensitive to linezolid, and 20% exhibited the constitutive clindamycin resistance phenotype. The spa, fnbB, and clfA genes were present in all strains followed by the bap (95%) and fnbA (90%). The icaA (90%) and icaB (60%) genes were most detected. The coexistence of icaA, icaADB, and icaAD genes was significantly associated with MRSA strains. In contrast, the icaR gene was significantly detectable in the methicillin-susceptible group of strains. This study uncovered a significant association between the formation of biofilms by uropathogenic S. aureus and antibiotic resistance, highlighting a noteworthy concern for public health.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.microb.2023.100029
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