Characterization and modulatory influence of flora-based zinc oxide nanoparticles on morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in eggplant

Abstract

Modification of plant growth and biochemical compositions of plants using floral-based soil amendments plays a substantial role in ensuring crop improvement and food security. Hence, this study aimed at characterizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and investigating their modulatory influence on morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in eggplant. Functional properties and morphology of ZnONPs, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant activities and nutritional metabolites of the eggplant were assessed. Data were subjected to Origin pro 8. A one -way analysis of variance was also performed. Means were calculated and separated using Tukey’s HSD test at p ≤ 0.05. Sunflower leaf extract (SLE) and ZnONPs contain hydroxyl groups, amides, carbon-hydrogen bonds and some other fingerprints as major functional groups. ZnONPs had an average diameter of 4.19 nm, a homogeneous rod-shaped and higher intensity. Silica (70.54%) was the major element determined in SLE, as well as zinc (50.24%) in ZnONPs. Morphological traits, leaf components and nutritional compositions were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in eggplant sprayed with 100% ZnONPs. Malondialdehyde (23.23 µmol/g− 1 FW) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (41.82 nmol g− 1 DW), as well as most of the enzymes determined were substantially elevated in control compared with ZnONPs. ZnONPs contained hydroxyl groups, amides and carbon-hydrogen bond as major functional groups. Foliar application of ZnONPs at 100% significantly modulated morphological traits, regulated ROS and enhanced antioxidant activities, while 100 and 75% ZnONPs improved leaf components and nutritional compositions of the vegetable.