Changes in Renal Function and Oxidative Stress Status Associated with the Biochemical Effects of Calcium Carbide Ripened Plantain in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Abstract The unnatural post-harvest ripening of fruits with toxic agents like calcium carbide has assumed public health concern. This study evaluated the effects of diets formulated with naturally ripened plantain (NRP) and calcium carbide-ripened plantain (CRP) on kidney function parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathology in albino Wistar rats. Eighteen male rats weighing 120 ± 4.25 g were randomly assigned to three (3) groups (n = 6). Groups I (control), II and III were fed normal rat chow, diet formulated with NRP, and CRP, respectively. Biochemical analyses were performed on the blood samples of experimental rats, while the oxidative stress levels and histology of the kidneys were also assessed after the 35-day period of experiment. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum creatinine, potassium, and chloride levels in CRP group when compared with the control and NRP groups, while serum sodium levels were significantly elevated in both NRP and CRP groups. Serum urea levels showed a non-significant (p> 0.05) reduction in CRP group when compared with both the control and NRP groups. Oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT and glutathione peroxidase-GPx) activities, protein concentration, and malondialdehyde levels did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among the groups. Histopathology revealed normal kidney structure in the control and NRP groups. However, there were alterations in the kidney architecture of rats in the CRP group. Our findings suggest potential health risks associated with consuming calcium carbide-ripened fruits and emphasize the need for better and safer ripening practices. Keywords: Calcium carbide, Oxidative stress, Plantain, Post-harvest ripening, Renal health