Challenges and obstacles to the deployment of the circular economy in emerging and developing countries. A study of public policies in Morocco

Abstract

This article examines the challenges of implementing the circular economy (CE) in emerging and developing countries, focusing on Morocco. Through a case study in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region, a leader in CE initiatives in the country, we address a significant gap in the literature regarding the role of public policies in promoting CE in low- and middle-income contexts. The study employs a qualitative methodology, combining a temporal analysis of national and regional planning documents with 16 semi-structured interviews involving policymakers, administrators, and business leaders. Key findings reveal barriers such as inadequate stakeholder involvement, limited funding, insufficient economic incentives, and weak enforcement of legislation. The results indicate a predominant focus on recycling and waste management, with minimal attention to broader CE approaches like eco-design and industrial ecology. Temporal trends show progress in legislative frameworks and regional initiatives since COP22 in 2016 but highlight ongoing challenges in stakeholder coordination and capacity building. The study concludes with policy recommendations, including the need for improved governance, financial incentives, and training programs to accelerate CE adoption as a driver of sustainable territorial development.