Cattaneo-Christov heat flux-based micropolar nanofluid flow with relaxation, slip, and temperature jump effects

Abstract

Micropolar fluids are fluids that contain rigid and randomly oriented particles immersed in a viscous fluid, such as lubricants that contain dirt and metal scraps from shearing. These particles undergo translational and rotational motion simultaneously in the fluid. When heat is transferred between non-metallic mediums, an impedance to phonons is experienced. This gives rise to the temperature jump phenomenon. The continuous disruption of thermal, fluid, and concentration equilibrium conditions is a common feature in most industrial processes. This gives rise to the concept of relaxation. This paper investigates the combined effects of temperature jumps and relaxation effects. A system of partial differential equations is formulated to capture the dynamics. The system of partial differential equations is converted into a boundary value problem and solved numerically using the spectral quasilinearization method. Our key results show that increasing the micro-inertia density accelerates the fluid motion and increases the micro-rotation and concentration while reducing the fluid temperature in the boundary layer. The micro-rotation parameter is shown to reduce the wall couple stress.