Cardiovascular disease risk and lifestyle factors among healthcare workers and the general population in Southern Morocco: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a dual role in public health as both caregivers and individuals exposed to occupational stress and health risks, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding these risks compared to the general population is critical for targeted interventions. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of CVD among the general population (in Morocco''s Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra and Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab regions (South of Morocco)) and healthcare professionals, and identify the main cardiovascular risk factors observed in these two groups. In addition, the objective is to compare their distribution in order to identify any differences and better understand the associated determinants or factors. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, involving HCWs and the general population ( n = 263). Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and clinical parameters were collected via structured questionnaires and clinical examinations. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression using SPSS. HCWs demonstrated healthier behaviors, such as lower smoking prevalence (25% vs. 35%) and higher physical activity (45% vs. 30%), compared to the general population. However, HCWs faced unique occupational risks, with 20% reporting hypertension. A significant correlation was observed between smoking and CVD ( p < 0.05), while physical activity was inversely associated with CVD risk ( p = 0.03). The findings highlight the need for tailored interventions addressing occupational stress in HCWs and lifestyle risk factors in the general population. Integrating digital health technologies could enhance prevention and monitoring efforts.