article · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
Adults living with type 2 diabetes in primary healthcare facilities in North Central Nigeria experience high levels of cardiometabolic complications. An evaluation of 120 patients aged 30 and older in Makurdi, Benue State, examined blood sugar control, lipid levels, and kidney function. Overall, 84.8 percent of participants exhibited at least one cardiometabolic abnormality. Poor glycaemic control and abnormal blood lipid levels were each present in roughly two-thirds of the patients, while nearly thirty percent showed signs of renal impairment. Patients had an average cardiometabolic risk score of 1.87. Additionally, having lived with diabetes for a longer duration independently predicted worse blood sugar regulation. These findings highlight a substantial burden of under-managed risks beyond basic blood sugar monitoring, underscoring the necessity of introducing integrated routine screening for cardiovascular and renal health within resource-limited primary care clinics.
Type 2 diabetes care often centres solely on managing blood sugar, leaving cardiovascular and kidney complications undetected. Demonstrating that over eight in ten patients in primary clinics carry multiple cardiometabolic risks highlights the danger of narrow treatment approaches. Expanding routine primary care to include lipid and kidney tests can prevent severe, costly long-term complications in resource-constrained communities.
The abstract does not indicate an explicit commercialisation pathway, as it reports early-stage observational clinical findings. However, the documented high prevalence of dyslipidaemia and kidney damage points to an applied need for affordable, point-of-care diagnostic panels and screening protocols suitable for adoption by primary healthcare providers and clinic managers in resource-limited settings.
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BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic abnormalities substantially increase morbidity among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in primary health care (PHC) settings. In Nigeria, evidence on comprehensive metabolic risk profiling beyond glycaemic control remains limited. AIM: To determine the cardiometabolic risk profile and identify factors associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes among adults with T2DM. SETTING: The study took place at government-owned PHC facilities in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. METHODS: This facility-based analytical cross-sectional study systematically recruited 120 eligible adults aged ≥ 30 years with T2DM. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained using structured questionnaires and medical records. Laboratory analyses assessed glycaemic status, lipid profile and renal function. Renal impairment was determined using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on standard clinical thresholds. Cardiometabolic abnormality was defined as the presence of at least one abnormal component: poor glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia or renal impairment. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age was 56 ± 10.8 years, with females comprising 61.7%. The mean diabetes duration was 4 ± 3.2 years. Overall, 84.8% had at least one cardiometabolic abnormality. Poor glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and renal impairment occurred in 65.8%, 65.0% and 29.2%, respectively. The mean cardiometabolic risk score was 1.87 ± 1.05. Longer diabetes duration independently predicted poor glycaemic control (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: Adults with T2DM attending PHC clinic had a high burden of cardiometabolic abnormalities, highlighting the need for integrated diabetes management strategies.Contribution: The study provides context-specific evidence to support routine lipid and renal function assessment in resource-limited settings.
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DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v18i1.5461
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