Carbon and Water Efficiency Study on Growing Neglected and Underutilized Crops and Its Environmental Benefits in the MENA Region

Abstract

Neglected and underutilized (NUS) crops are increasingly recognized for their agricultural sustainability, playing a crucial role in solving environmental problems and improving food Security in MENA's region. This study conducts an in-depth assessment of the environmental impacts of NUS cultivation, focusing particularly on carbon emissions and water use in this region. By integrating life cycle assessment (LCA) and empirical field data, this research compares the carbon capture capacities, greenhouse gas emissions and water efficiency of NUS with crops traditional. The results suggest that NUS, thanks to their ability to thrive in less fertile soils of MENA's region and minimal resource demands, generally has a lower carbon footprint. Many NUS varieties also exhibit drought resistance, leading to more water-efficient agricultural practices. In addition, the study examines how NUS can boost biodiversity, improve soil quality, and strengthen the resilience of agricultural systems against the effects of climate change. This chapter highlights the environmental benefits of NUS cultivation, with the aim of guiding policy makers, farmers and relevant stakeholders towards sustainable agricultural practices and environmental conservation. The research highlights the urgency for continued research and development in this area, particularly to refine growing methods that maximize environmental benefits.