Cancer Genomics

Abstract

The advent of cancer genomics has transformed the understanding of tumorigenesis, enabling the development of modern diagnostic, prognostic, and curative strategies. Modern developments on Next-generation sequencing, epigenetic investigation, and immunogenomics have improved the identification and documentation of genetic biomarkers, driver mutations, and tumor-specific vulnerabilities. The need to highlights the recent applications of cancer genomics, including genomically tailored therapy option, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies is also expressed in this research. Implementation of genomics-based medicine face some drawbacks which could be overcome by improving on data analysis complexities, tumor heterogeneity, and regulatory concerns. These would bring promising innovations in patient precision outcomes, personalized medicine, and better understanding of cancer bioscience that involves biomarker prognosis, immunotherapy optimization and liquid biopsy. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of cancer genomics, its impact on clinical praxis, and future directions for research and translation integrating multi-omics data, AI-driven analytics, and functional genomics to further refine diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.