article · Cancers
HIV infection significantly increases the risk of developing certain cancers due to associated immune deficiency. AIDS-defining malignancies (ADMs), such as Kaposi sarcoma, invasive cervical cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, are particularly prevalent in patients with advanced HIV. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced ADMs in developed countries, their occurrence remains high in developing nations. Furthermore, there is a growing concern about increased mortality from non-AIDS-defining malignancies (non-ADMs) in HIV-infected individuals, even with ART. This research reviews the molecular mechanisms behind both ADMs and non-ADMs in HIV-positive people, highlighting that ART alone is insufficient to fully mitigate these cancer risks. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies for both HIV and associated cancers.
This research highlights the ongoing challenge of cancer in HIV-infected individuals, even with effective antiretroviral therapy. By reviewing the molecular mechanisms, it underscores the critical need for a deeper biological understanding. This knowledge is vital for developing improved diagnostic tools and more effective treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing the health outcomes for people living with HIV.
The abstract indicates early-stage research focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancers in HIV-infected individuals. This foundational knowledge could inform the development of new diagnostic methods or therapeutic targets for these specific cancer types. Potential users would be researchers and pharmaceutical companies working on oncology and infectious diseases, aiming to create improved treatments or screening tools for HIV-associated malignancies.
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The immune deficiency associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes a distinct increased risk of developing certain cancer types. Kaposi sarcoma (KS), invasive cervical cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are the prominent malignancies that manifest as a result of opportunistic viral infections in patients with advanced HIV infection. Despite the implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prevalence of these acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies (ADMs) remains high in developing countries. In contrast, developed countries have experienced a steady decline in the occurrence of these cancer types. However, there has been an increased mortality rate attributed to non-ADMs. Here, we provide a review of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the development of ADMs and non-ADMs which occur in HIV-infected individuals. It is evident that ART alone is not sufficient to fully mitigate the potential for ADMs and non-ADMs in HIV-infected individuals. To enhance the diagnosis and treatment of both HIV and malignancies, a thorough comprehension of the mechanisms driving the development of such cancers is imperative.
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DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030546
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