Campylobacteriosis in Africa: A neglected demon

Abstract

Campylobacter species is the major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis globally. The incidence of campylobacteriosis is well-documented and high in the developed world. However, in developing countries, the data, where available, are incomplete despite the increasing rates of diarrhoeal diseases. Africa has been identified as one of the endemic regions of campylobacteriosis. However, research attention is not geared toward Campylobacter source tracing like other enteropathogens, probably because of inadequate standard laboratory facilities and the fastidious nature of the organism. In this review, we explored the different species of Campylobacter , their clinical significance, their transmission pathway, and the research efforts available for their detection in Africa. It was noted that the common and emerging species of Campylobacter have been documented in Africa, and the major transmission pathways to humans are international travel and consumption of contaminated poultry. It can, therefore, be concluded that this review may stimulate research interests in campylobacteriosis in Africa and other regions of the world.