article · Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
This research investigated the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of extracts obtained from the plant Calendula arvensis. Analysis of the chloroform extract identified 77 compounds, with germanicol, arachidonic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 17-octadecynoic acid, syringic acid, and p-coumaric acid identified as the primary components. Both chloroform and n-butanol extracts contained notable concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids, exhibiting moderate antioxidant capacity across several testing methods. Crucially, the chloroform extract displayed strong inhibitory action against the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase, achieving an effectiveness level close to that of the pharmaceutical agent galantamine. The findings demonstrate that Calendula arvensis extracts contain bioactive molecules with potential relevance for antioxidant development and therapeutic research addressing Alzheimer's disease.
Identifying new natural sources of enzyme-inhibiting compounds is important for developing treatments for neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease. These findings show that Calendula arvensis possesses specific bioactive molecules that act against butyrylcholinesterase while also providing antioxidant benefits, offering promising chemical profiles for future pharmaceutical investigation.
This work could interest pharmaceutical and nutraceutical developers looking for natural candidate molecules for neuroprotective formulations. The extracts demonstrated strong butyrylcholinesterase inhibition comparable to an existing drug. However, the findings represent very early-stage laboratory research based solely on in vitro enzymatic and chemical assays, meaning significant further testing and validation will be required before practical applications emerge.
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The aim of the current research was to examine and quantify the chemical composition of the chloroform extract of Calendula arvensis, as well as investigate the pharmacologicala ctivities of two different extracts using enzymatic, chemical and chromatographic methods. The plant was preserved after being dried, while HPLC and GCMS chromatographic techniques were used for quantitative analyses of the chloroform extract. Both extracts (chloroform and n-butanol) were examined for their total phenol and flavonoid contents. GC-MS analysis of the chloroform extract revealed the presence of 77 compounds; germanicol (10.25%), arachidonicacid (8.17%), hexadecanoicacid (6.94%), 17-octadecynoic acid (5.99%), syringicacid (5.22%) and p-coumaricacid (3.04%) were found to be the major constituents. Syringic and p-coumaricacids were confirmed and quantified by HPLC-DAD analysis of chloroform extract. Both extracts had a high concentration of polyphenols and demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity using five methods (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC reducing power and ?-carotene). The chloroform extract presented an interesting inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with an IC50= 69.06 ± 1.33 µg/mL, near that exerted by galantamine. These results indicated that C. arvensis extracts might be used as a promising natural alternative source of antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer molecules.
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DOI: 10.36721/pjps.2025.38.4.reg.13113.1
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