Cadmium detection with nickel complex nanoparticles sensor using QCM technique Mohamed T. Radwan 1 , Walaa H. Mahmoud 1 , Mohamed A.F. ElMosallamy 2 and Ahmed A. El-Sherif 1

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in both water and soil constitutes a significant environmental concern, acknowledged as a pollutant. The uptake and accumulation of bioavailable Cd by food crops further accentuate its threat. The imperative for consistent monitoring of Cd levels in the environment stems from the aim of mitigating potential harm and exposure to humans. In this context, the synthesis of nickel complex nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and dependable process, holding relevance across diverse domains. This process has led to the development of an innovative nano nickel sensor for the purpose of detecting cadmium. The comprehensive characterization of the nano nickel complex was accomplished through a different analytical tools, encompassing DLS, Zeta potential, TEM, AFM, FT-IR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, BET surface area determination, and pore size analysis. Moreover, the application of the nano nickel complex as a simple, cost-effective, and highly sensitive QCM sensor was explored, primarily targeting the rapid detection of cadmium. Through the utilization of the nano nickel complex sensor as a discerning and responsive QCM sensor, cadmium detection can be achieved at concentrations as low as 1 ppm. The cytotoxicity of the cadmium complex nanoparticles was screened. Notably, this methodology exhibits successful applicability for the determination of Cd[II] ions in groundwater and industrial effluent wastewater samples, providing a valuable tool for environmental monitoring and protection.