article · Sustainability
Agricultural methods have evolved through several historical stages, shifting from indigenous practices to mechanised systems and modern precision farming. Although industrialised approaches have successfully expanded overall yields, modern farming confronts persistent operational and environmental challenges. Recent developments in Industry 5.0 offer pathways to transform the sector further, potentially initiating a fifth agricultural revolution. An assessment of the motivations behind both the fourth and fifth industrial and agricultural revolutions outlines how these concepts developed and where they overlap. Across various countries, smart strategies are actively being rolled out to modernise these domains. Integrating advanced Industry 5.0 concepts into agriculture presents promising technological opportunities, although notable research challenges remain to be solved before widespread adoption can occur.
Conventional agricultural methods have significantly boosted production but now face operational constraints. Connecting modern industrial technologies with agricultural practices can shape smarter, more resilient food production systems. Examining international strategies and technical barriers helps researchers and policymakers understand how upcoming technological shifts could modernise agriculture.
This work represents an early conceptual overview rather than a deployed technical solution. It highlights prospective use cases for agricultural technology developers and industrial professionals looking to adapt Industry 5.0 technologies for farming operations. Because the focus centres on conceptual reviews, international strategies, and research challenges, the direct practical commercialisation of specific tools remains at an early exploratory stage.
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The agricultural industry has undergone several significant changes over the past few centuries, influenced by the industrial revolutions that have occurred. These changes have progressed from Indigenous agriculture to mechanized farming and the current precision agriculture. While the industrial farming model has increased output, it has also faced various challenges in recent years. Industry 5.0 is expected to have a significant impact on the agriculture sector and potentially lead to a fifth agricultural revolution. In this paper, we examine the motivation behind the industrial and agricultural revolutions 4.0 and 5.0, review the phases of these revolutions that have occurred so far, and offer suggestions for the future. We also provide an overview of the concepts of Industry 4.0 and 5.0, as well as Agriculture 4.0 and 5.0, and discuss the smart strategies that are being implemented in different countries to advance these sectors. Additionally, we focus on the potential applications of Industry 5.0 technologies in the agriculture industry and the research challenges associated with them. Our goal is to provide industrial and agricultural professionals with new research opportunities.
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DOI: 10.3390/su16093507
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