Breast Self-Examination practice and its determinants among undergraduate females in a government-owned university, Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Of all the screening methods for early detection of abnormalities in the breasts, the Breast Self-Examination (BSE) technique is very crucial as it is the most straightforward and self-administered technique. It puts the women in familiarity with their breasts. Aim: The study aimed to assess BSE practice and its determinants among undergraduate females in a government-owned university in Oyo State, Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used in this study. A simple random technique was used in recruiting 430 respondents. A self-structured questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.840 was used as an instrument for data collection. Data collected were analysed using the SPSS package. Results: Most of the respondents, 360 (83.7%), belong to the age group of 19-29 years. 338 (78.5%) of them have a high level of awareness regarding BSE. Furthermore, the majority of the respondents, 337 (78.4%), have a good practice of BSE. The results revealed that 368 (85.5%) of the respondents have good knowledge of breast self-examination. The findings from the study also found that the factors influencing the practice of BSE include lack of knowledge about breast self-examination, anxiety, fear of finding something abnormal, lack of time, forgetfulness, discomfort during BSE, culture and health beliefs, no breast complaints, absence of lump during the previous examination, laziness, lack of privacy, nonchalant attitude towards breast health. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study revealed a high level of awareness and good practice of BSE among undergraduate females in a government-owned university in Oyo State, Nigeria. However, several factors such as lack of knowledge, anxiety, fear, and cultural beliefs were identified as barriers to consistent BSE practice. More continuous awareness would be recommended on the frequency of practicing breast self-examination, and healthcare professionals should carry out health education programs for an improved practice of breast self-examination.