Breast Self-Examination as a Preventive Health Strategy: Knowledge–Practice Gaps among Undergraduate Female Students in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution

Abstract

Breast Self-Examination Play a core function in the early detection and prevention of breast cancer, breast health literacy is vital. Public health concerns remain surrounding breast cancer, which is one of the top causes of cancer-related fatalities. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge surrounding breast self-examination (BSE) among the female undergraduate students of Al-Hikmah University in Ilorin, Kwara State. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive research, and a total of 366 participants were surveyed, which resulted in a response rate of 100%. The quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, and descriptive statistics (percentages, tables, figures) and the chi-square test was used to analyse the data at a coefficient of 0.05. Of the total participants, 45.1 percent were aged 16 to 20 years, and 28.4 percent were third year students. Most of the participants (84.4%) had knowledge of BSE, which was mostly received from health care workers (47.3%). Furthermore, BSE was important to 46.4% of the participants. The early signs of breast cancer detection were recognized alongside shape/color changes to the breast (78.4%), lumps in the breast/armpit (76.8%), and nipple changes (74%). Knowledge gaps surrounding BSE were captured through unavailability of educational resources (59%), fear surrounding diagnosis (53.8%), preferred hospital examinations (57.7%), absence of BSE instruction (41.3%), and not having enough time to do the examination (43.4%). The study underscores the need for tailored health education targeting female undergraduates. Efforts should address barriers hindering BSE practice, including resource accessibility, fear mitigation, and provision of clear instructions. Empowering students with accurate knowledge and practical skills can significantly enhance early breast cancer detection and management within this demographic. Keywords: Knowledge, Breast-Self Examination, Undergraduate Female Students,