Boswellia serrate Gum Resin Mitigates Renal Toxicity: Role of TNF-α, Interleukins, TGF-β, and Lipid Peroxidation

Abstract

<b>Background and aim:</b> Being a central organ in homeostasis and maintaining the health of the biological system, kidneys are exposed to variable toxicants. Long-term exposure to nephrotoxic molecules causes chronic renal damage that causes fibrosis and loss of function. Such damage can be initiated by oxidative stress which provokes inflammation. We aim at investigating the potential therapeutic effects of Boswellia serrata (BS) gum resin extract in managing CCl₄-induced renal toxicity. <b>Methods:</b> Male Wistar albino rats were assigned to groups: healthy control; CCl₄-treated (CCl₄, twice/week, for 6 weeks); CCl₄ + BS-treated: CCl₄ for 6 weeks followed by BS (150 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks; and CCl₄ + Silymarin-treated: CCl₄ for 6 weeks followed by Silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Blood and kidney tissue were utilized to assess oxidative stress status, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological changes. <b>Results:</b> BS treatment ameliorated signs of renal damage and fibrosis as it improved renal antioxidant status and renal function markers and significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 along with the fibrogenic marker TGF-β. Kidney tissues showed improved histological features after BS treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> BS gum resin extract has significant therapeutic potential against CCl₄-induced renal damage and fibrosis. These effects could be mediated via its previously reported antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory effects.