article · Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
Rising multidrug-resistant bacteria necessitate ecofriendly and easy-to-produce antibacterial agents. Two Egyptian cyanobacterial strains, Phormidium ambiguum and Desertifilum tharense, were isolated and used to biosynthesise silver nanoparticles using their extracellular components under light conditions. Characterisation confirmed the creation of spherical, face-centred cubic silver nanoparticles measuring between 6.24 and 12.2 nanometres in oxide or chloride forms, displaying functional hydroxyl and amide groups. When evaluated against pathogenic bacteria, the nanoparticles significantly inhibited both Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant strains. Particles from Desertifilum tharense formed inhibition zones up to 25 millimetres against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the nanoparticles exhibited notable antioxidant properties, with Phormidium ambiguum nanoparticles achieving a free-radical scavenging activity of 48.7 percent, while Desertifilum tharense reached 43.753 percent.
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections represent a serious global health threat that reduces the effectiveness of standard antibiotics. Harnessing cyanobacteria to create silver nanoparticles offers an ecofriendly, biological alternative to chemical synthesis methods. Demonstrating that these green nanoparticles can suppress resistant pathogens like MRSA while providing antioxidant activity supports the search for non-traditional antimicrobial treatments.
This research remains at an early laboratory stage. The findings could eventually enable the production of biologically derived antibacterial and antioxidant agents for healthcare and pharmaceutical developers targeting drug-resistant pathogens such as MRSA. Moving towards real-world commercialisation will require further testing beyond laboratory synthesis and culture-plate assays, including safety profiling, formulation development, and scaled bioprocessing.
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The world faces a challenge with the pervasion of multidrug-resistant bacteria that encourages scientists to develop and discover alternative, ecofriendly, and easy-to-produce new antibacterial agents. Our work is part of the greater effort of scientists around the world to achieve this goal by the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cyanobacterial extracellular and intracellular components as nonchemical reducing agents. Two Egyptian cyanobacteria were isolated and identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing as <i>Phormidium ambiguum</i> and a novel species <i>Desertifilum tharense</i>. The sequences were deposited with accession numbers MW762709 and MW762710 for <i>Desertifilum tharense</i> and <i>Phormidium ambiguum</i>, respectively, in the GenBank. The results of UV-Vis analysis showed promising extracellular Ag-NPs synthesis by <i>Desertifilum tharense</i> and <i>Phormidium ambiguum</i> under light conditions. Therefore, these Ag-NPs were characterized and evaluated for antibacterial and antioxidant activity. TEM and SEM analyses revealed the spherical crystals with face-centered cubic structures and size range of 6.24-11.4 nm and 6.46-12.2 nm for Ag-NPs of <i>Desertifilum tharense</i> and <i>Phormidium ambiguum</i>, respectively. XRD and EDX results confirmed the successful synthesis of Ag-NPs in their oxide form or chloride form. The FTIR spectrum data confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and amide groups. <i>Desertifilum tharense</i> Ag-NPs displayed the largest inhibition zone that ranged from 9 mm against <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> ATCC 10240 to 25 mm against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) ATCC 43300. For <i>Phormidium ambiguum</i> Ag-NPs, the inhibition zone diameter was in the range of 9 mm to 18 mm. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs significantly inhibited the growth of medically important resistance-pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The Ag-NPs of <i>Phormidium ambiguum</i> exhibited the highest scavenging activity of 48.7% when compared with that of <i>Desertifilum tharense</i>, which displayed 43.753%.
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DOI: 10.1155/2022/9072508
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