article · IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience
Gold and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles were generated through green biosynthesis using a cell-free extract of the bacterium Bacillus safensis. Analysis showed that the resulting particles were crystalline, fairly spherical in shape, and naturally capped and stabilised by bacterial proteins. Testing established that the nanoparticles possess significant biological and catalytic properties. They exhibited strong antifungal activity by inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger strains by up to ninety percent. When applied to malachite green, the particles broke down more than ninety percent of the dye within forty-eight hours. The nanoparticles also prevented blood from coagulating and completely dissolved existing human blood clots, demonstrating multiple therapeutic and catalytic functions.
Green synthesis routes allow the production of functional nanomaterials without hazardous chemical agents. Demonstrating that bacterial extracts can yield nanoparticles capable of both degrading harmful environmental dyes and clearing human blood clots offers promising, multi-purpose avenues for pollution remediation and clinical treatments for fungal infections and blood clotting disorders.
The tested properties could enable products for industrial wastewater treatment, specifically dye degradation, alongside therapeutic agents for treating thrombosis and fungal infections. Potential users include environmental remediation operators and pharmaceutical developers. As the results are limited to laboratory-scale testing, the technology is at an early research stage and requires substantial validation and safety profiling before commercial use.
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This study investigated the green biosynthesis of gold (Au) and silver-gold alloy (Ag-Au) nanoparticles using cell-free extract of Bacillus safensis LAU 13 strain (GenBank accession No: KJ461434). The biosynthesized AuNPs and Ag-AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Evaluation of the antifungal activities, degradation of malachite green, anti-coagulation of blood, and thrombolysis of human blood clot by the biosynthesized nanoparticles were investigated. The AuNPs and Ag-AuNPs had maximum absorbance at 561 and 545 nm, respectively. The FTIR peaks at 3318, 2378, 2114, 1998, 1636, 1287, 446, 421 cm-1for AuNPs; and 3310, 2345, 2203, 2033, 1636, 1273, 502, 453, 424 cm-1for Ag-AuNPs indicated that proteins were the capping and stabilization molecules in the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The particles were fairly spherical in shape with size of 10-45 nm for AuNPs and 13-80 nm for Ag-AuNPs. Moreover, energy dispersive X-ray analysis of AuNPs revealed gold as the most prominent metal in the AuNPs solution, while silver and gold were the most prominent in the case of Ag-AuNPs. Selected area electron diffraction showed the biosynthesized nanoparticles as crystal structures with ring shape pattern. AuNPs and Ag-AuNPs displayed growth inhibitions of 66.67-90.78% against strains of Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger at concentration of 200 μg/ml, and remarkable degradation (> 90%) of malachite green after 48 h. Furthermore, the nanoparticles prevented coagulation of blood, and also completely dissolved blood clots, indicating the biomedical potential of AuNPs and Ag-AuNPs in the management of blood coagulation disorders. This is the first report of the synthesis of AuNPs and Ag-AuNPs using a strain of B. safensis for biomedical and catalytic applications.
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DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2559161
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