Biological Activities of Nanomaterials From Biogenic Source for the Treatment of Diseases and Its Role in Regenerative and Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Stem cell and regenerative medicine have provided a significant opportunity in tissue engineering, enhancement of the extracellular matrix formation, improved uptake of nutrients, and elimination of metabolic wastes and prompt degeneration of scaffold materials. Many natural and synthetic polymers are currently being utilized generally as regenerative materials in tissue engineering and medicine owing to their bioavailability, biocompatibility, nontoxic, mechanical properties, ease of timely degradation, ease of adaptable porosity, and physiological properties. Some of them include chitin, chitosan, fibroin, elastin, gelatin, collagen, fibrin, while synthetic polymers are polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid, polylactic coglycolic acid, and polyhydroxyalkanoate. This book chapter highlights several applications of nanotechnology in stem cell, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and treatment of different diseases.