article · Waste Management Bulletin
This research evaluates the production of biodiesel from catfish waste oil using a heterogeneous catalyst derived from catfish bone. The oil was extracted using a wet reduction method, reaching an oil yield of 96.85 percent. The catalyst was produced by calcining catfish bones at 600 degrees Celsius for four hours, which generated suitable catalytic properties. Converting the raw oil into biodiesel through transesterification notably improved its fuel characteristics, reducing viscosity from 48.782 square millimetres per second to 9.391 square millimetres per second and lowering both free fatty acid and acid values. Water content also fell from 0.073 percent in the oil to zero in the final biodiesel. Furthermore, testing across three artificial neural network algorithms established that the Scaled conjugate gradient model accurately predicted biodiesel yield, confirming a cost-effective route for renewable fuel production.
Disposing of organic waste from fish processing creates significant environmental and logistical burdens. Transforming both the discarded fish oil and bones into biodiesel and processing catalysts provides an efficient, dual-purpose recycling strategy. This circular method creates renewable energy from processing leftovers while reducing the reliance on external chemical inputs and conventional petroleum fuels.
This process could enable aquaculture processors and biofuel manufacturers to convert waste by-products into saleable renewable energy. Utilizing internal waste streams for both the feedstock and the catalyst offers a cost-effective production model. Currently, the findings reflect early-stage laboratory experimentation and computational modelling, meaning pilot-scale trials and industrial validation will be necessary prior to commercial adoption.
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Biodiesel from vegetable or animal feedstock can serve as a suitable source for renewable energy. This study utilized heterogeneous catalyst obtained from fish bone for biodiesel production from raw cat fish waste (CFW) oil. The CFW oil yield obtained using wet reduction extraction method was 96.85%. The heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by calcination at 600°C, for 4hours and characterized using SEM-EDX. Catalyst characterization showed suitable elements that can improve the catalytic activity. Physiochemical characterization results showed that viscosity of CFW oil (48.782mm2/s), reduced to 9.391mm2/s in the produced biodiesel. Similarly, after transesterification free fatty acid (3.593 mg/KOH/Kg) and acid value (7.186 mg/KOH/Kg) of CFW oil reduced to 1.48 mg/KOH/Kg and 2.96 mg/KOH/Kg, respectively, in the biodiesel. Finding from the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrum of the raw CFW oil showed the presence of -OH and was assigned to the axial deformation of water molecule. However, the -OH group disappeared in the FTIR spectrum of biodiesel due to the transesterification process. This observation is consistent with the findings for moisture contents of raw CFW oil (0.073%) and biodiesel (0.00%), which showed disappearance of water after transesterification. The biodiesel yield was further modeled using three algorithms (Scaled conjugate gradient, Bayesian regularization and Levenberg maraquardt) of the artificial neural network (ANN). It was evident that the predictions from the Scaled conjugate gradient algorithm were comparable to the experimental responses. Finally, transesterification of raw CFW oil using heterogeneous catalyst from fish bone, was a cost-effective approach for biodiesel production.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2023.11.002
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