article · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Abstract The discharge of untreated cassava processing wastewater poses environmental and public health challenges in tropical regions, particularly in Nigeria, the world's largest cassava producer, where bioremediation studies targeting this effluent using native isolates remain limited. This study investigated the biodegradative potential of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Manihot esculenta (cassava) wastewater collected from a garri processing facility in Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria. Isolates were purified by successive subculturing and propagated to standardised inoculum concentrations before treating wastewater samples over 144 hours. Physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, TS, TSS, TDS, DO, and BOD₅) and heavy metals (Pb, Cu, and Zn) were determined at 0, 24, 72, and 144 hours following APHA standard methods. Total cyanide was quantified spectrophotometrically using the picric acid method. Microbial community composition was assessed by plate counts on selective and differential media. One-way ANOVA with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p ≤ 0.05) was applied to detect treatment differences. All removal efficiencies were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). B. subtilis achieved the highest cyanide removal (82.7%), while both Bacillus and Pseudomonas species significantly reduced heavy metals (Pb: 51–67%; Cu: 54–66%; Zn: 53–64%), BOD₅ (50–63%), and TSS (49–59%). pH increased significantly from 4.2 to 6.4 (p ≤ 0.05), approaching neutral conditions suitable for discharge. Microbial community analysis revealed a shift from diverse initial flora to Bacillus-dominated communities post-treatment. These findings establish Bacillus and Pseudomonas species as effective, sustainable bioremediation agents for cassava wastewater management in developing nations. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, Bioremediation; Cassava wastewater; Cyanide; Heavy metal removal; Physicochemical parameters; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18895277
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