article · Scientific Reports
) within a period of 20 days. In both strains, glucose, as an additional carbon source, significantly increased the degradation process and dissipate > 99% of the initial CP concentration (P < 0.05). The optimum growth conditions for the isolates were determined as pH 5.0, 30 °C for Clostridium bifermentans, and 35 °C for Escherichia fergusonii, with a chlorpyrifos concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹. Under these conditions, both strains exhibited significant growth and chlorpyrifos degradation activity (p < 0.05). Although this study offers promising microbial candidates for bioremediation, further investigation is required to determine the effectiveness of these organisms and their ecological resilience within contaminated environments prior to their practical application in remediation strategies.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-46278-3
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