Biochemical Evaluation of Metformin and GLP-1 Therapy in Amelioration Metabolic Disturbance in Rats Induced Type II Diabetes

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic worldwide disease characterized by significant consequences. T2DM is linked to impaired insulin sensitivity and/or secretion, as well as disturbed glucose and lipid balance. The principal effects of metformin, a first-line treatment for T2DM, are to enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose absorption while suppressing gluconeogenesis. GLP1 receptor agonists, such as dulaglutide, are prospective therapeutic medicines for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Thus, the purpose of the current research was to evaluate how GLP1 and metformin affected rats' T2DM. The study involved 35 healthy male rats, which were categorized into 2 groups: the control group and the T2DM group, the latter being induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Three groups of diabetic rats were randomly assigned: two treatment groups received metformin and dulaglutide, while the control group was untreated diabetic. Rat weight was assessed at the conclusion of the experiment. Serum concentrations of insulin, blood glucose, lipid profile, and hepatic and renal function were evaluated after an overnight fast. Serum blood glucose, insulin, body weight, lipid profile, and liver and kidney function were all significantly elevated in diabetic rats. Dulaglutide markedly decreased blood glucose levels, improved liver and kidney functions, and outperformed metformin. In conclusion, we investigated how dulaglutide and metformin treat T2DM. We discovered that they all reduce the hyperglycemia and dyslipidaemia linked to T2DM. In addition to reducing hyperglycemia and dyslipidaemia, the current work offers a plausible mechanism for the protective effects of GLP-1 on the kidneys and liver in a rat model of diabetes.