Beyond Medicine for a Greener Future: Non-Therapeutic Applications of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>

Abstract

The "miracle tree", also known as Moringa oleifera, is a multipurpose plant that has drawn significant attention for its non-therapeutic applications. The plant has been exploited in agriculture, water purification, wastewater treatment, and as a source of renewable energy. M. oleifera has attracted much attention in agriculture due to its useful qualities as a natural fertiliser, soil conditioner, and livestock feed supplement. The leaves and seeds of the plant are rich in vital nutrients, including nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and amino acids, which enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. M. oleifera has also been demonstrated to be effective in controlling pest and insect infestations, thus promoting sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural practices. The seeds of M. oleifera are used in the purification of water owing to the cationic protein. This coagulant provides a substitute for conventional chemical coagulants, helping to ensure the availability of clean and safe drinking water. Additionally, the roots of M. oleifera serve as a useful option for phytoremediation as they can absorb heavy metals, pathogens, and other pollutants present in contaminated water sources, thus reducing water pollution and enhancing the quality of water bodies. M. oleifera has the potential to be used as a renewable energy source. The seed oil is transformable into biodiesel which has been proven to be an effective substitute for fossil fuels. M. oleifera offers a range of non-therapeutic uses that extend beyond its medicinal applications. It is an alternative resource for addressing various environmental and societal challenges.