Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma (BMPM) as a rare cause of abdominal pain: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma (BMPM) is a rare, benign cystic neoplasm arising from the peritoneum, predominantly affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a slow progression and a high recurrence rate post-surgical resection. Due to its non-specific clinical presentation, BMPM remains a diagnostic challenge. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 38-year-old female with a history of left ovarian cystectomy who presented with acute, stinging abdominal pain. Imaging studies, including ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed a large multicystic lesion in the left flank. Complete surgical excision was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of BMPM. DISCUSSION: Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM) is a rare, often asymptomatic cystic lesion predominantly affecting women of reproductive age, with unclear etiology possibly linked to hormones or prior inflammation. Imaging shows multiloculated cystic masses, and diagnosis is confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically. Surgical resection is the main treatment due to high recurrence, with close follow-up recommended. CONCLUSION: BMPM is a rare peritoneal neoplasm with a challenging diagnosis due to its non-specific symptoms and imaging characteristics. Complete surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, although close follow-up is necessary due to its high recurrence potential.