article · Scientific Reports
Bacterial nanocellulose is a versatile biomaterial relevant to biomedical applications such as artificial skin, drug delivery systems, blood vessels and wound dressings. Screening of ten morphologically distinct bacterial strains identified Bacillus species strain SEE-3 as a potent producer of bacterial nanocellulose. Structural characterisation confirmed that the biosynthesised material forms needle- and fibre-shaped particles with nanometre-scale dimensions, a negative surface charge of minus 14.7 mV, high thermal stability and a crystallinity degree of 79.58 percent. To maximise output, culture conditions were systematically optimised using Plackett-Burman and face-centred central composite experimental designs. Using cantaloupe juice as a primary growth medium component alongside specific nutrient supplements and controlled incubation conditions, the optimised process yielded a maximum production level of 20.31 grams per litre.
Bacterial nanocellulose offers valuable physical properties for advanced biomedical materials, but high manufacturing costs often limit broader adoption. Demonstrating that agricultural feedstocks such as cantaloupe juice can support substantial production yields provides a potentially sustainable route to generating high-purity cellulose, reducing reliance on conventional, expensive synthetic growth media.
The produced nanocellulose has potential applications in wound care, tissue engineering and pharmaceutical drug delivery. Biomanufacturing and medical device developers could utilise this agro-based fermentation method to lower feedstock costs. The work represents laboratory-scale research with flask-level optimisation, meaning significant scale-up, purification testing and regulatory evaluations remain necessary before commercial deployment.
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Abstract The bacterial nanocellulose has been used in a wide range of biomedical applications including carriers for drug delivery, blood vessels, artificial skin and wound dressing. The total of ten morphologically different bacterial strains were screened for their potential to produce bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). Among these isolates, Bacillus sp . strain SEE-3 exhibited potent ability to produce the bacterial nanocellulose. The crystallinity, particle size and morphology of the purified biosynthesized nanocellulose were characterized. The cellulose nanofibers possess a negatively charged surface of − 14.7 mV. The SEM images of the bacterial nanocellulose confirms the formation of fiber-shaped particles with diameters of 20.12‒47.36 nm. The TEM images show needle-shaped particles with diameters of 30‒40 nm and lengths of 560‒1400 nm. X-ray diffraction show that the obtained bacterial nanocellulose has crystallinity degree value of 79.58%. FTIR spectra revealed the characteristic bands of the cellulose crystalline structure. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed high thermal stability. Optimization of the bacterial nanocellulose production was achieved using Plackett–Burman and face centered central composite designs. Using the desirability function, the optimum conditions for maximum bacterial nanocellulose production was determined theoretically and verified experimentally. Maximum BNC production (20.31 g/L) by Bacillus sp . strain SEE-3 was obtained using medium volume; 100 mL/250 mL conical flask, inoculum size; 5%, v/v, citric acid; 1.5 g/L, yeast extract; 5 g/L, temperature; 37 °C, Na 2 HPO 4 ; 3 g/L, an initial pH level of 5, Cantaloupe juice concentration of 81.27 percent and peptone 11.22 g/L.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26642-9
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