article · Heliyon
This numerical study evaluates the electroosmotic flow of two immiscible, electrically conducting fluids moving through a porous medium in vertical annular microtubes. The inner zone contains a kerosene-based hybrid nanofluid containing spherical iron oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, while the outer zone contains a Jeffrey fluid. The system is exposed to external electric and magnetic fields, taking into account strong zeta potential and electroosmotic velocity across both layers. Using the finite difference method, the nonlinear governing equations were solved alongside interface and boundary conditions. The investigation evaluates how wall zeta potential and electric double layer thickness alter electric potential distribution, velocity profiles, volumetric flow rate, and heat transfer. The calculations demonstrate that the clear fluid maintains lower temperatures than the nanofluid, offering mathematical assessments relevant to high-temperature oil-based nanoflow systems.
Understanding how hybrid nanofluids behave under electrical and magnetic influences in microchannels helps researchers design more effective fluid-transport systems. Because oil-based nanofluids provide improved stability and heat transfer under extreme heat, mathematical modelling provides valuable baseline data for predicting fluid velocity and thermal performance in specialised microscale thermal management environments without relying solely on expensive physical prototyping.
The research represents early-stage numerical modelling. The mathematical insights could eventually assist engineers designing microfluidic heat exchangers and high-temperature oil-based nanofluid systems. However, because the abstract reports only mathematical simulations via finite difference methods without experimental prototyping or physical testing, practical commercial applications remain at a conceptual and pre-experimental stage.
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The goal of this numerical simulation is to visualize the electroosmotic flow of immiscible fluids through a porous medium in vertical annular microtubes. The inner region (Region I) is filled with an electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid while an electrically conducting Jeffrey fluid is flowing in the second region (Region II). The chosen nanofluid is kerosene-based and the nanoparticles (Fe3O4-TiO2) are of a spherical shape. A strong zeta potential is taken into account and the electroosmotic velocity in the two layers is considered too. The annular microtubes are subjected to an external magnetic field and an electric field. The linked nonlinear governing equations with initial, interface and boundary conditions are solved using the finite difference method. The wall zeta potential and EDL thickness on the electric potential distribution, the velocity profile, the volumetric flow rate and the heat transfer are investigated versus the parameters under consideration. Graphs have been used to describe the numerical results of numerous emerging factors. It has been noticed that the temperature is the least for the clear fluid than the that of the non-clear one. Due to the fact that oil-based nanofluids are utilized to improve the stability and thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids when they are subjected to high temperatures, the proposed study presents a mathematical assessment that is sought to be useful in oil-based nanoflows' applications.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15916
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