Association between smoking and urinary bladder cancer (BC): case control study in Minia, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) accounts for an estimated 500 000 new cases and 200 000 deaths worldwide each year in 2019.Aim: To determine the relation between smoking and development of BC in patients attending Minia Oncology centre and compare them with their control.Methods: Study included 100 BC patients attending Minia oncology centre and 100 control subjects matched by age and sex. Subjects par‌ticipating in the study filled in a questionnaire including questions about socio-demographic data, medical history and dietary and lifestyle factors.Results: Our results showed that studied BC cases had higher smoking index with mean of 7.77±3.76 compared to controls 3.08±1.88 (P=<0.001). Mean duration of years since quitting smoking was significantly higher in studied controls than in BC cases with mean of 12.8±2.9 and 9.1±2.1 respectively. Smoking index was a risk factor for BC with (OR= 1.29). Conclusion: BC is a common malignancy. The main risk factors were smoking, family history and dietary factors. BC will remain frequent because of the ongoing high prevalence of smoking. Smoking cessation programs and dietary modification should be encouraged and supported.