Assessment of sweet whey fortified with selenium and Bifidobacteria on reduction of pesticide liver toxicity in albino rats

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> Background Deltamethrin (DLM) represents one of the most commonly used pesticides. DLM passes through milk, vegetables, and fruits to humans or through animals (veterinary drugs and feeding on contaminated forage) to milk; it can escape from skin to blood and be secreted in breast milk in lactating women. It was believed to have neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, and hepatotoxic properties. Methods In order to investigate deltamethrin-induced hepatotoxicity, 64 rats were divided into 8 groups. The control group did not receive any treatment. D 30 mg/kg DLM (body weight) dissolved in corn oil, B 1 mL whey (10¹⁰ cfu/ml of <italic>Bifidobacterium logum</italic> ATCC 15707), S 1 mL whey (0.5 ppm selenium), BS 1 mL whey (10¹⁰ cfu/mL of <italic>Bifidobacterium logum</italic> ATCC 15707 <italic>+</italic> 0.5 ppm selenium), BD 1 mL whey (10¹⁰ cfu/mL of <italic>Bifidobacterium logum</italic> ATCC 15707 + DLM), SD 1 mL whey (0.5 ppm selenium) + DLM, and BSD 1 mL whey (10¹⁰ cfu/mL of <italic>Bifidobacterium logum</italic> ATCC 15707) <italic>+</italic> 0.5 ppm selenium <italic>+</italic> DLM. Results Results marked that manipulation of bifidobacteria, or selenium triggered significant improvement in AST, ALT, GSH, TNF-α, NF-KB and BCL2 as well as reduction in histopathological necrosis, congestion, and degradation. Conclusion Whey beverage fortified with <italic>Bifidobacterium longum</italic> and selenium implicated reduction in oxidative stress, histopathological degradation that accomplished DLM toxicity. Utilization of whey (a byproduct from cheese making) is considered a recycling process which supports ecofriendly practices and sustainability.