Assessment of Constraints to the Implementation of International Health Regulation at the Point of Entry in Lagos Nigeria

Abstract

The effective implementation of International Health Regulations (IHR) at points of entry is crucial for safeguarding public health and preventing the spread of infectious diseases across borders. However, the process faces significant constraints that hinder its success. This study aims to assess the key constraints impeding the successful implementation of IHR at various points of entry in Lagos, Nigeria, specifically at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Seme Land Border, and the Lagos Sea Port. A descriptive correlational research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to customs officials, immigration officers, health professionals, and other relevant stakeholders.The study revealed that factors such as inadequate knowledge among personnel, insufficient resources, and limited interagency collaboration are major barriers to effective IHR implementation. The analysis showed a significant relationship between years of experience and knowledge of IHR implementation, highlighting the importance of continuous training and capacity building. Additionally, challenges related to resource availability, including insufficient equipment, lack of personnel, and inadequate facilities, were found to critically affect the implementation process. Despite the majority of respondents indicating adequate physical facilities, a substantial funding gap was identified, underscoring the need for improved financial support to enhance IHR enforcement.The study recommends that addressing these constraints through targeted interventions, including enhanced training programs, better resource allocation, and stronger interagency coordination, is essential for strengthening health security at points of entry in Lagos. The study emphasizes the critical role of sustained investment in infrastructure, training, and interagency collaboration to achieve the full potential of IHR in protecting public health.