Assessing Level of Physical Activity Among University Students in Rwanda and the Associated Factors

Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) is vital for physical and mental health, yet its prevalence among university students in low- and middle-income countries, including Rwanda, remains underexplored. This study assessed PA levels and associated socio-demographic and institutional factors among university students in Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was distributed online to students enrolled in Rwandan universities. Descriptive statistics summarized PA levels, and multivariate logistic regression identified associated factors. Results: Among 418 participants, 58.1% met criteria for health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA), 16.5% had minimal activity, and 25.4% were inactive. Male students were significantly more likely to engage in HEPA than females (OR = 2.57, p = 0.001), and students from public universities had higher odds of meeting HEPA thresholds than those in private institutions (OR = 2.30, p = 0.003). Key motivators included stress relief, improved fitness, and enjoyment, while barriers included lack of time, limited access to facilities, low motivation, and insufficient awareness. Open-ended responses emphasized the need for institutional support, peer encouragement, and accessible fitness spaces, especially for female students. Conclusion: Although most students engage in PA, a substantial proportion remains inactive. Gender and university type significantly influence PA levels. To promote equitable engagement, universities should implement gender-sensitive programs, invest in infrastructure, and raise awareness of PA benefits. Future research should explore cultural and psychosocial drivers to inform targeted interventions. Keywords: Lifestyle medicine, physical activity, university students, Rwanda