Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Abstract

This chapter explores the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare sector, highlighting its applications in key areas such as medical imaging, chronic disease management, pharmaceutical research and massive data analysis. AI, through techniques such as machine learning (ML) and explainable AI (XAI), is helping to transform healthcare practices by offering more personalised and efficient solutions, while reducing costs and optimising processes. However, its adoption raises a number of challenges, including technical, organisational and ethical obstacles relating to the management of sensitive data, the transparency of algorithmic decisions and the problem of bias. The chapter also discusses the drawbacks of AI, such as the black box problem and the risks of exacerbating inequalities in access to care. In conclusion, it emphasises the importance of ethical, responsible and transparent implementation of AI to ensure sustainable improvements in healthcare and the sustainability of healthcare systems.