Are Reusable Menstrual Pads a Sustainable and Safe Alternative to Disposable Pads? A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Reusable menstrual pads (RMPs) offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective alternative to disposable products, with potential health, environmental and financial benefits. This study aims to explore the nuanced experiences, perceptions and attitudes of female students regarding RMPs, and also the emotional and psychological impact of RMPs on these students in Kano, Nigeria. A narrative inquiry approach was used, following COREQ guidelines for rigorous qualitative reporting. The study was conducted among 21 female students in public secondary schools in Kano State, Nigeria. In-depth interviews, guided by a semi-structured protocol adapted from prior studies explored the participants’ experiences with RMPs. Purposive sampling ensured diverse perspectives, and data saturation was achieved after 21 interviews. The data were analysed through Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, allowing for a detailed exploration of the participants’ experiences. Four main themes emerged: (1) perceived nuisance of usage – initial discomfort and challenges with washing and drying; (2) the positive journey with RMPs; the participants reported improved comfort, economic benefits and environmental consciousness over the course of time; (3) challenges in transition – barriers such as hygiene in public settings and cultural taboos; and (4) environmental and spiritual implications – a sense of responsibility to reduce waste, aligning with the participants’ values of sustainable health practices. The findings from this study highlight the nuanced journey of adopting RMPs, revealing a trajectory that blends initial hesitations with positive long-term experiences. The participants cited improved comfort, economic savings and environmental benefits, which align well with broader studies on sustainable menstrual products.