Archachatina marginata slime extract predisposes to oxidative stress following sub-acute oral exposure in rats

Abstract

Archachatina marginata, the giant African land snail, is a terrestrial mollusk native to West Africa and commonly found in Nigeria and other tropical regions. Over the years, it has gained popularity not only as a source of protein but also for its slime, which is increasingly utilized in traditional medicine and the cosmetic industry. The slime, a viscous secretion produced by the snail’s foot, is rich in glycoproteins, hyaluronic acid, antimicrobial peptides, and antioxidants. Traditionally, it has been applied topically to treat wounds, skin infections, and burns, while its oral use is gaining attention in folk remedies and as a perceived natural health booster. Despite these claims, the scientific evaluation of the safety profile of A. marginata slime, particularly upon oral ingestion, remains limited. This study evaluated the sub-acute oral impact of A. marginata slime extracts on rat hematology, redox status, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The grouping of rats (5 animals per group) was random, comprising a control group and treatment groups receiving A. marginata slime extract at doses of 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. A follow-up group received 500 mg/kg and was observed for an additional 14 days post-treatment. Following exposure, animals were euthanized, and blood and key organs were collected for biochemical analysis. In male rats, the 250 mg/kg dose led to a notable increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting that the slime extract may induce oxidative stress at this dosage. Female follow-up group exhibited elevated MDA and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels. Notably, slime extract had no effect on rat hematological profile and plasma levels of Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha). Chemical analysis identified predominant compounds like allantoin and glycolic acid, endorsing the cosmetic potential of the slime. Overall, these findings contribute to understanding the toxicity and safety profile of A. marginata slime extract in rats.