Appraisal of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking purposes: the case of Damot Gale Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Although many people agree that groundwater is cleaner than surface water, it is affected by different factors that need assessment of its quality. However, little has been done so far in Damot Gale Woreda. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the groundwater quality in Damot Gale Woreda for drinking purposes. Fifteen samples were collected from 15 wells. The seasonal variation maps for each parameter were prepared using ANOVA, and the spatial distribution maps of quality parameters were prepared using the Kriging method in ArcGIS 10.3. The results of the physicochemical parameter analysis indicate variations in water temperature, pH levels, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity. The concentrations of both cations and anions were observed within a certain range. Additionally, the presence of iron and fluoride was detected, along with varying levels of turbidity. In the water quality index in both dry and wet seasons, 80% of the water fell in the excellent range, and 20% fell in the good range. Therefore, all the samples were suitable for drinking purposes. The results of the study concluded that evaluation was effective and can also be applied in decision-making for effective groundwater resources monitoring in the study area.