review · BMC Cancer
Cervical cancer represents a major cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with a substantial impact in Africa and Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis analysed seven studies to determine the uptake of cervical cancer screening services and associated factors among eligible women in Ethiopia, evaluated through the Health Belief Model framework. The analysis revealed that only 21 percent of eligible women had utilised screening services. Increased uptake was linked to higher knowledge, an age between 30 and 49 years, a history of sexually transmitted diseases, and education beyond primary school. Within the Health Belief Model, significant drivers included high perceived self-efficacy, low perceived barriers, high perceived susceptibility, high perceived benefits, and high perceived severity. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive strategies to address these cognitive and demographic factors to improve screening participation.
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in Ethiopia, yet the vast majority of eligible women do not access screening. By identifying specific behavioural beliefs and demographic factors that influence whether women seek screening, health programmes can design targeted communication and support initiatives that overcome personal barriers, encourage earlier detection, and ultimately lower cancer deaths.
The abstract does not indicate a commercialisation pathway, as it focuses on behavioural determinants to inform government policies and public health strategies rather than a marketable product or service.
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BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, especially in Africa, including Ethiopia. This review assesses predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake among Ethiopian-eligible women using the Health Belief Model. Higher education levels, perceived susceptibility, severity, and fewer barriers are associated with increased screening. Effective HBM-based interventions could enhance screening rates, potentially reducing cervical cancer incidence and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The review aimed to synthesize the existing literature on the prevalence of Cervical Cancer Screening Service Uptake and Associated Factors among Eligible Women using the Health belief model in Ethiopia, 2024. METHOD: This systematic review and meta-analysis searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library engine. Key terms such as "Cervical cancer screening", "uptake", "utilization", "factors", "barriers", and "Ethiopia" were used to identify relevant articles. Data extraction utilized a detailed form, and the methodological quality of each study was assessed using the JBI quality appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 17, and the meta-analysis findings were presented using forest plots and tables. RESULT: The result of seven studies revealed that the overall prevalence of Cervical Cancer Screening Service Uptake among eligible women in Ethiopia was 21% (95% CI: 15%-27%). Factors independently associated with Cancer Screening Service Uptake included: Knowledge (OR = 4.563, 95% CI: 1.012-4.188), age 30 up to 49 (OR = 4.106, 95% CI: 1.562-6.650), history of STD (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.694-4.486), high perceived susceptibility (OR = 3.814, 95% CI: 2.312-5.316), high perceived severity (OR = 2.603, 95% CI: 2.203-3.003), low perceived barrier (OR = 4.390, 95% CI: 1.331-8.449), high perceived self-efficacy (OR = 4.77, 95% CI: 4.102-5.431), high perceived benefit (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.851-5.489), and education level greater than primary level (OR = 4.497, 95% CI: 3.619-5.375). CONCLUSION: Cervical cancer is a major public health challenge in Ethiopia. Consequently, there is a pressing need for the governments to formulate comprehensive, multi-sectorial policies and strategies. These initiatives should be designed to address the problem influenced by interconnected factors, to reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer in Ethiopia.
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DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-13055-2
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