Application of advanced filters and sediment depth estimators in the mapping of geologic structures related to mineralization

Abstract

The Nigerian sector of the Iullemmeden Basin is characterized by widespread metallic and non-metallic mineral potentials. In this inclusive innovation work, total magnetic intensity (TMI) data were used to detect the structural elements associated with tectonic events and map the probable zones of mineralization within the study area. The TMI data were upward continued to 100 m before the application of softsign function (SF), and enhanced horizontal gradient amplitude (EHGA) filters. Subsequently, the Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET) grid analysis tool was applied on the enhanced grids to generate structural maps. The observed geologic structures, which suggest polyphase deformations are characterized by E-W, NE-SW, NNE-SSW orientations. The mapped lineaments correspond to structural elements triggered by several tectonic events. The main NE-SW structural direction matches the regional strike orientation. The tilt depth technique (TDT), source parameter imaging (SPI) and standard Euler deconvolution (SED) depth approximation methods plus the 2D forward modellings indicated depth values of ≤ 2800 m. The 2D forward models suggest that the underlying basement has undergone significant stress, thereby creating faults and an undulating surface. Generally, the geologic structures create favorable conditions for migration and accumulation of polymetallic mineralization (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag), precious metals (gold), special metals (Sn, W, Ta, Li), and radioactive minerals (U, Th) associated with both the sedimentary formations and underlying basement structures.