Antioxidants and the Prevention of Congenital Heart Defects

Abstract

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most prevalent congenital anomalies, contributing significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a key factor in the etiology of CHDs, as increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during critical periods of fetal development can lead to cellular damage and impaired cardiac morphogenesis. This narrative review explores the mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to the development of congenital heart defects and highlights the role of antioxidants in mitigating these effects. Antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, selenium, and coenzyme Q10, have demonstrated potential in reducing oxidative damage and supporting maternal and fetal health. Their ability to neutralize ROS can help protect developing cardiac tissues from oxidative injury, thereby promoting normal cardiac development. This review examines current research on the impact of antioxidant supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and its implications for preventing congenital heart defects. Keywords: Antioxidants, congenital heart defects, oxidative stress, maternal health, prenatal nutrition