article · Frontiers in Microbiology
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an adaptable, opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that presents significant challenges in healthcare due to intricate antibiotic resistance mechanisms and biofilm formation. It causes persistent infections in both humans and animals, with evidence pointing towards potential zoonotic transmission across animals, the environment, and human populations. This reality supports adopting a One Health approach to track and manage the bacterium effectively. While conventional antibiotics are frequently undermined by multidrug-resistant strains, several non-antibiotic alternatives are emerging. These include quorum sensing inhibitors, bacteriophage therapy, and nanoparticle-based treatments. However, bringing these novel interventions into clinical use is hindered by high costs, potential side effects, and safety considerations. Resolving these challenges demands continued research into host-pathogen interactions and focused clinical development to overcome this resilient pathogen.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are becoming harder to treat as the bacterium develops resistance to standard antibiotics. Because it can spread between animals, humans, and the wider environment, ineffective treatments risk wider public health crises. Exploring alternatives like phage therapies and nanoparticles provides a pathway to tackle stubborn, drug-resistant infections where conventional medicines fail.
The review highlights alternative therapeutic avenues such as phage therapies, nanoparticle-based treatments, and quorum sensing inhibitors for pharmaceutical developers and clinical researchers. These therapies represent early-stage to development-stage interventions aimed at combating multidrug-resistant infections. However, their route to market faces distinct challenges, specifically related to production costs, safety profiles, and side effects that must be resolved through further clinical testing before practical commercial adoption.
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<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, a Gram-negative bacterium, is recognized for its adaptability and opportunistic nature. It poses a substantial challenge in clinical settings due to its complicated antibiotic resistance mechanisms, biofilm formation, and capacity for persistent infections in both animal and human hosts. Recent studies revealed a potential zoonotic transmission of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> between animals, the environment, and human populations which highlights awareness of this microbe. Implementation of the One Health approach, which underscores the connection between human, animal, and environmental health, we aim to offer a comprehensive perspective on the current landscape of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> management. This review presents innovative strategies designed to counteract <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections. Traditional antibiotics, while effective in many cases, are increasingly compromised by the development of multidrug-resistant strains. Non-antibiotic avenues, such as quorum sensing inhibition, phage therapy, and nanoparticle-based treatments, are emerging as promising alternatives. However, their clinical application encounters obstacles like cost, side effects, and safety concerns. Effectively addressing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections necessitates persistent research efforts, advancements in clinical development, and a comprehension of host-pathogen interactions to deal with this resilient pathogen.
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DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374466
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